Andrew Cox

For those of you having problems with the course, you are welcome to contact me to make an appointment and we can try to work through things together. Questions not requiring an appointment are better sent to the Moodle forum where everyone can benefit from the discussion rather than as direct emails. Never fear, Moodle will alert me by email of any question that you post over there. The Moodle pages for the site are [[here|http://moodle.ucl.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=752]], the ELECTRAN coursework system [[here|http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/electran/1001/index.html]], and the syllabus [[here|http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/teaching/syllabus/ug/1001.htm]].

! SPIM
If you are working on a lab Linux machine, you can run spim from the following locations:
{{{
/cs/shareopt/UCLCScourseware/bin.linux/spim
/cs/shareopt/UCLCScourseware/bin.linux/xspim
}}}
The manual is here: {{{/cs/shareopt/UCLCScourseware/man/spim.man}}}.

! Going further
If you happen to be enjoying your MIPS programming, my top tip is to get hold of some real development tools rather than using SPIM. Codesourcery are looking after the current official GNU toolchain for MIPS which you can find [[here|http://www.codesourcery.com/sgpp/lite/mips]]. With this you can prototype and debug your algorithms in C/C++ before translating them to assembly. You can then do things like validate the output of the assembly against that of the C/C++ version, and compare the compiler generated code to your own manual efforts. There is a simulator included. You probably want an [[ELF version|http://www.codesourcery.com/sgpp/lite/mips/portal/release1034]] rather than a Linux one if you are not running on real hardware. They also produce the [[ARM GNU toolchain|http://www.codesourcery.com/sgpp/lite/arm]], which you might want to look at if you are interested in [[getting to grips with the leading 32bit embedded architecture|http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp]] (which thanks to the iPhone, Android, Nintendo DS & GBA, 90% of mobile phones, etc., you are more likely to have a real device that you can program for).

<html>
<object width="100%" height="720">
   <param name="movie" value="http://www.youtubejavascript:;.com/v/75MSiLNQVWU&hl=en_GB&fs=1&hd=1"></param>
   <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param>
   <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param>
   <embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/75MSiLNQVWU&hl=en_GB&fs=1&hd=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="100%" height="1100"></embed></object></html>

I graduated with a ~BSc in Computer Science from UCL in 2007. After that I worked on embedded graphics in the Media Processing Division of ARM Ltd. for one year. I've since returned to UCL and am now an RA in the lab of Jan Kautz. A full CV is available [[here|http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/andrew.cox/Andrew_Cox_cv.pdf]].

/***
|Name|DcTableOfContentsPlugin|
|Author|[[Doug Compton|http://www.zagware.com/tw/plugins.html#DcTableOfContentsPlugin]]|
|Contributors|[[Lewcid|http://lewcid.org]], [[FND|http://devpad.tiddlyspot.com]], [[ELS|http://www.tiddlytools.com]]|
|Source|[[FND's DevPad|http://devpad.tiddlyspot.com#DcTableOfContentsPlugin]]|
|Version|0.4.1|
|~CoreVersion|2.2|
<<showtoc>>
!Description
This macro will insert a table of contents reflecting the headings that are used in a tiddler and will be automatically updated when you make changes.  Each item in the table of contents can be clicked on to jump to that heading.  It can be used either inside of select tiddlers or inside a system wide template.

A parameter can be used to show the table of contents of a seperate tiddler, &lt;<showtoc tiddlerTitle>&gt;

It will also place a link beside each header which will jump the screen to the top of the current tiddler.  This will only be displayed if the current tiddler is using the &lt;<showtoc>&gt; macro.

The appearance of the table of contents and the link to jump to the top can be modified using CSS.  An example of this is given below.

!Usage
!!Only in select tiddlers
The table of contents above is an example of how to use this macro in a tiddler.  Just insert &lt;<showtoc>&gt; in a tiddler on a line by itself.

It can also display the table of contents of another tiddler by using the macro with a parameter, &lt;<showtoc tiddlerTitle>&gt;
!!On every tiddler
It can also be used in a template to have it show on every tiddler.  An example ViewTemplate is shown below.

//{{{
<div class='toolbar' macro='toolbar -closeTiddler closeOthers +editTiddler permalink references jump'></div>
<div class='title' macro='view title'></div>
<div class='subtitle'>Created <span macro='view created date DD-MM-YY'></span>, updated <span macro='view modified date DD-MM-YY'></span></div>
<div class='tagging' macro='tagging'></div>
<div class='tagged' macro='tags'></div>
<div class="toc" macro='showtoc'></div>
<div class='viewer' macro='view text wikified'></div>
<div class='tagClear'></div>
//}}}

!Examples
If you had a tiddler with the following headings:
{{{
!Heading1a
!!Heading2a
!!Heading2b
!!!Heading3
!Heading1b
}}}
this table of contents would be automatically generated:
* Heading1a
** Heading2a
** Heading2b
*** Heading3
* Heading1b
!Changing how it looks
To modifiy the appearance, you can use CSS similiar to the below.
//{{{
.dcTOC ul {
	color: red;
	list-style-type: lower-roman;
}
.dcTOC a {
	color: green;
	border: none;
}

.dcTOC a:hover {
	background: white;
	border: solid 1px;
}
.dcTOCTop {
	font-size: 2em;
	color: green;
}
//}}}

!Revision History
!!v0.1.0 (2006-04-07)
* initial release
!!v0.2.0 (2006-04-10)
* added the [top] link on headings to jump to the top of the current tiddler
* appearance can now be customized using CSS
* all event handlers now return false
!!v0.3.0 (2006-04-12)
* added the ability to show the table of contents of a seperate tiddler
* fixed an error when a heading had a ~WikiLink in it
!!v0.3.5 (2007-10-16)
* updated formatter object for compatibility with TiddlyWiki v2.2 (by Lewcid)
!!v0.4.0 (2007-11-14)
* added toggle button for collapsing/expanding table of contents element
* refactored documentation
!To Do
* code sanitizing/rewrite
* documentation refactoring
* use shadow tiddler for styles
!Code
***/
//{{{

version.extensions.DcTableOfContentsPlugin= {
	major: 0, minor: 4, revision: 0,
	type: "macro",
	source: "http://devpad.tiddlyspot.com#DcTableOfContentsPlugin"
};

// Replace heading formatter with our own
for (var n=0; n<config.formatters.length; n++) {
	var format = config.formatters[n];
	if (format.name == 'heading') {
		format.handler = function(w) {
			// following two lines is the default handler
			var e = createTiddlyElement(w.output, "h" + w.matchLength);
			w.subWikifyTerm(e, this.termRegExp); //updated for TW 2.2+

			// Only show [top] if current tiddler is using showtoc
			if (w.tiddler && w.tiddler.isTOCInTiddler == 1) {
				// Create a container for the default CSS values
				var c = createTiddlyElement(e, "div");
				c.setAttribute("style", "font-size: 0.5em; color: blue;");
				// Create the link to jump to the top
				createTiddlyButton(c, " [top]", "Go to top of tiddler", window.scrollToTop, "dcTOCTop", null, null);
			}
		}
		break;
	}
}

config.macros.showtoc = {
	handler: function(place, macroName, params, wikifier, paramString, tiddler) {
		var text = "";
		var title = "";
		var myTiddler = null;

		// Did they pass in a tiddler?
		if (params.length) {
			title = params[0];
			myTiddler = store.getTiddler(title);
		} else {
			myTiddler = tiddler;
		}

		if (myTiddler == null) {
			wikify("ERROR: Could not find " + title, place);
			return;
		}

		var lines = myTiddler .text.split("\n");
		myTiddler.isTOCInTiddler = 1;

		// Create a parent container so the TOC can be customized using CSS
		var r = createTiddlyElement(place, "div", null, "dcTOC");
		// create toggle button
		createTiddlyButton(r, "toggle", "show/collapse table of contents",
			function() { config.macros.showtoc.toggleElement(this.nextSibling); },
			"toggleButton")
		// Create a container so the TOC can be customized using CSS
		var c = createTiddlyElement(r, "div");

		if (lines != null) {
			for (var x=0; x<lines.length; x++) {
				var line = lines[x];
				if (line.substr(0,1) == "!") {
					// Find first non ! char
					for (var i=0; i<line.length; i++) {
						if (line.substr(i, 1) != "!") {
							break;
						}
					}
					var desc = line.substring(i);
					// Remove WikiLinks
					desc = desc.replace(/\[\[/g, "");
					desc = desc.replace(/\]\]/g, "");

					text += line.substr(0, i).replace(/[!]/g, '*');
					text += '<html><a href="javascript:;" onClick="window.scrollToHeading(\'' + title + '\', \'' + desc+ '\', event)">' + desc+ '</a></html>\n';
				}
			}
		}
		wikify(text, c);
	}
}

config.macros.showtoc.toggleElement = function(e) {
	if(e) {
		if(e.style.display != "none") {
			e.style.display = "none";
		} else {
			e.style.display = "";
		}
	}
};

window.scrollToTop = function(evt) {
	if (! evt)
		var evt = window.event;

	var target = resolveTarget(evt);
	var tiddler = story.findContainingTiddler(target);

	if (! tiddler)
		return false;

	window.scrollTo(0, ensureVisible(tiddler));

	return false;
};

window.scrollToHeading = function(title, anchorName, evt) {
	var tiddler = null;

	if (! evt)
		var evt = window.event;

	if (title) {
		story.displayTiddler(store.getTiddler(title), title, null, false);
		tiddler = document.getElementById(story.idPrefix + title);
	} else {
		var target = resolveTarget(evt);
		tiddler = story.findContainingTiddler(target);
	}

	if (tiddler == null)
		return false;
	
	var children1 = tiddler.getElementsByTagName("h1");
	var children2 = tiddler.getElementsByTagName("h2");
	var children3 = tiddler.getElementsByTagName("h3");
	var children4 = tiddler.getElementsByTagName("h4");
	var children5 = tiddler.getElementsByTagName("h5");

	var children = new Array();
	children = children.concat(children1, children2, children3, children4, children5);

	for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
		for (var j = 0; j < children[i].length; j++) {
			var heading = children[i][j].innerHTML;

			// Remove all HTML tags
			while (heading.indexOf("<") >= 0) {
				heading = heading.substring(0, heading.indexOf("<")) + heading.substring(heading.indexOf(">") + 1);
			}

			// Cut off the code added in showtoc for TOP
			heading = heading.substr(0, heading.length-6);

			if (heading == anchorName) {
				var y = findPosY(children[i][j]);
				window.scrollTo(0,y);
				return false;
			}
		}
	}
	return false
};
//}}}

[[Welcome]]
[[CV]]

!Visual Studio 2008 Profile Guided Optimization Summary
{{{
Microsoft (R) Profile Guided Optimization Manager 9.00.21022.08
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

PGD File: build\win-i386-vc9.0\bin\gfxmeter\gfxmeter.pgd  11/04/2009 14:58:27
Module Count: 1  Function Count: 5019  Arc Count: 20714  Value Count: 541

Static instructions: 174225  Basic blocks: 29515  Average BB size: 5.9
Dynamic instructions: 3135849250

                                     entry  static       dynamic     %     run
Function Name                        count   instr         instr  total   total
G3D::GFont::computePackedArray      123659     248     471581542   15.0   15.0
G3D::Array<G3D::Vector3,10,32>::resize
                                    335823     100     227532529    7.3   22.3
G3D::MD2Model::getGeometry          152754     573     192862856    6.2   28.4
G3D::RenderDevice::RenderState::TextureUnit::TextureUnit
                                   5353696      26     139196096    4.4   32.9
G3D::Array<G3D::Vector2,10,32>::operator[]
                                  36274499       3     108823497    3.5   36.4
G3D::RenderDevice::forceSetTextureMatrix
                                    523732      87     104251772    3.3   39.7
G3D::Array<G3D::Vector2,10,32>::resize
                                    123667     100      95942598    3.1   42.7
G3D::Matrix3::operator*             334606      38      87666772    2.8   45.5
G3D::RenderDevice::setState         334607     292      70307823    2.2   47.8
G3D::GFont::draw2D                  123659     274      65997574    2.1   49.9
G3D::Matrix4::operator==            174578      40      46699146    1.5   51.4
G3D::RenderDevice::RenderState::RenderState
                                    334606     139      46510234    1.5   52.9
G3D::Array<G3D::Vector3,10,32>::~Array<G3D::Vector3,10,32>
                                     58606      23      39780454    1.3   54.1
G3D::MeshAlg::computeAdjacency           3     487      39512667    1.3   55.4
G3D::RenderDevice::setTexCoord     1440294      29      37447644    1.2   56.6
G3D::CoordinateFrame::pointToWorldSpace
                                    363279      98      35601342    1.1   57.7
G3D::VertexRange::init              458262     143      35286174    1.1   58.8
G3D::computeStats                       12     253      27930563    0.9   59.7
G3D::Matrix3::operator==            170941      24      27350560    0.9   60.6
G3D::ReferenceCountedPointer<G3D::VertexBuffer>::zeroPointer
                                   4888195      18      26885160    0.9   61.5
G3D::RenderDevice::setTexture       545562      98      25801381    0.8   62.3
`vector copy constructor iterator'
                                    334606      11      23087814    0.7   63.0
G3D::ReferenceCountedPointer<G3D::VertexBuffer>::setPointer
                                   2596852       9      22913388    0.7   63.7
G3D::_getGLMatrix                   443726      50      22186300    0.7   64.5
G3D::MD2Model::load                      2     794      19533858    0.6   65.1
G3D::RenderDevice::setLight         327362     142      18695808    0.6   65.7
G3D::VertexRange::uploadToCard      458262      82      18330480    0.6   66.3
G3D::RenderDevice::setVARAreaFromVAR
                                    458262      90      18024972    0.6   66.8
G3D::Array<int,10,32>::operator[]
                                   5884538       3      17653614    0.6   67.4
G3D::Rect2D::corner                1287534      47      16737942    0.5   67.9
G3D::MD2Model::sendGeometry         152754     178      16344683    0.5   68.4
G3D::Array<G3D::RenderDevice::RenderState,10,32>::resize
                                    334609     115      16061257    0.5   69.0
G3D::Draw::rect2D                    32734      62      15810522    0.5   69.5
G3D::BinaryInput::prepareToRead
                                   1047808      25      15717120    0.5   70.0
G3D::MeshAlg::computeNormals             1     144      14688393    0.5   70.4
}}}



! Accompanying Log
{{{
Application Log
Start: Wed Nov 04 14:37:48 2009

Setting video mode
wglSwapIntervalEXT(0);
Enabling separate specular lighting.
Setting initial rendering state.
Done setting initial state.
numTextureCoords                      = 8
numTextures                           = 32
numTextureUnits                       = 4
glGet(GL_MAX_TEXTURE_UNITS_ARB)       = 4
glGet(GL_MAX_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS_ARB) = 32
Operating System: Windows 6.0 build 6000 Platform 2 
Processor Architecture: 4 x 32-bit Intel processor

GL Vendor:      NVIDIA Corporation
GL Renderer:    Quadro FX 5800/PCI/SSE2
GL Version:     3.2.0
Driver version: 8.16.11.9100

GL extensions: "GL_ARB_color_buffer_float GL_ARB_compatibility GL_ARB_copy_buffer GL_ARB_depth_buffer_float GL_ARB_depth_clamp GL_ARB_depth_texture GL_ARB_draw_buffers GL_ARB_draw_elements_base_vertex GL_ARB_draw_instanced GL_ARB_fragment_coord_conventions GL_ARB_fragment_program GL_ARB_fragment_program_shadow GL_ARB_fragment_shader GL_ARB_framebuffer_object GL_ARB_framebuffer_sRGB GL_ARB_geometry_shader4 GL_ARB_half_float_pixel GL_ARB_half_float_vertex GL_ARB_imaging GL_ARB_map_buffer_range GL_ARB_multisample GL_ARB_multitexture GL_ARB_occlusion_query GL_ARB_pixel_buffer_object GL_ARB_point_parameters GL_ARB_point_sprite GL_ARB_provoking_vertex GL_ARB_seamless_cube_map GL_ARB_shader_objects GL_ARB_shading_language_100 GL_ARB_shadow GL_ARB_sync GL_ARB_texture_border_clamp GL_ARB_texture_buffer_object GL_ARB_texture_compression GL_ARB_texture_compression_rgtc GL_ARB_texture_cube_map GL_ARB_texture_env_add GL_ARB_texture_env_combine GL_ARB_texture_env_crossbar GL_ARB_texture_env_dot3 GL_ARB_texture_float GL_ARB_texture_mirrored_repeat GL_ARB_texture_multisample GL_ARB_texture_non_power_of_two GL_ARB_texture_rectangle GL_ARB_texture_rg GL_ARB_transpose_matrix GL_ARB_uniform_buffer_object GL_ARB_vertex_array_bgra GL_ARB_vertex_array_object GL_ARB_vertex_buffer_object GL_ARB_vertex_program GL_ARB_vertex_shader GL_ARB_window_pos GL_ATI_draw_buffers GL_ATI_texture_float GL_ATI_texture_mirror_once GL_S3_s3tc GL_EXT_texture_env_add GL_EXT_abgr GL_EXT_bgra GL_EXT_bindable_uniform GL_EXT_blend_color GL_EXT_blend_equation_separate GL_EXT_blend_func_separate GL_EXT_blend_minmax GL_EXT_blend_subtract GL_EXT_compiled_vertex_array GL_EXT_Cg_shader GL_EXT_depth_bounds_test GL_EXT_direct_state_access GL_EXT_draw_buffers2 GL_EXT_draw_instanced GL_EXT_draw_range_elements GL_EXT_fog_coord GL_EXT_framebuffer_blit GL_EXT_framebuffer_multisample GL_EXTX_framebuffer_mixed_formats GL_EXT_framebuffer_object GL_EXT_framebuffer_sRGB GL_EXT_geometry_shader4 GL_EXT_gpu_program_parameters GL_EXT_gpu_shader4 GL_EXT_multi_draw_arrays GL_EXT_packed_depth_stencil GL_EXT_packed_float GL_EXT_packed_pixels GL_EXT_pixel_buffer_object GL_EXT_point_parameters GL_EXT_provoking_vertex GL_EXT_rescale_normal GL_EXT_secondary_color GL_EXT_separate_shader_objects GL_EXT_separate_specular_color GL_EXT_shadow_funcs GL_EXT_stencil_two_side GL_EXT_stencil_wrap GL_EXT_texture3D GL_EXT_texture_array GL_EXT_texture_buffer_object GL_EXT_texture_compression_latc GL_EXT_texture_compression_rgtc GL_EXT_texture_compression_s3tc GL_EXT_texture_cube_map GL_EXT_texture_edge_clamp GL_EXT_texture_env_combine GL_EXT_texture_env_dot3 GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic GL_EXT_texture_integer GL_EXT_texture_lod GL_EXT_texture_lod_bias GL_EXT_texture_mirror_clamp GL_EXT_texture_object GL_EXT_texture_shared_exponent GL_EXT_texture_sRGB GL_EXT_texture_swizzle GL_EXT_timer_query GL_EXT_vertex_array GL_EXT_vertex_array_bgra GL_IBM_rasterpos_clip GL_IBM_texture_mirrored_repeat GL_KTX_buffer_region GL_NV_blend_square GL_NV_conditional_render GL_NV_copy_depth_to_color GL_NV_copy_image GL_NV_depth_buffer_float GL_NV_depth_clamp GL_NV_explicit_multisample GL_NV_fence GL_NV_float_buffer GL_NV_fog_distance GL_NV_fragment_program GL_NV_fragment_program_option GL_NV_fragment_program2 GL_NV_framebuffer_multisample_coverage GL_NV_geometry_shader4 GL_NV_gpu_program4 GL_NV_half_float GL_NV_light_max_exponent GL_NV_multisample_coverage GL_NV_multisample_filter_hint GL_NV_occlusion_query GL_NV_packed_depth_stencil GL_NV_parameter_buffer_object GL_NV_parameter_buffer_object2 GL_NV_pixel_data_range GL_NV_point_sprite GL_NV_primitive_restart GL_NV_register_combiners GL_NV_register_combiners2 GL_NV_shader_buffer_load GL_NV_texgen_reflection GL_NV_texture_barrier GL_NV_texture_compression_vtc GL_NV_texture_env_combine4 GL_NV_texture_expand_normal GL_NV_texture_rectangle GL_NV_texture_shader GL_NV_texture_shader2 GL_NV_texture_shader3 GL_NV_transform_feedback GL_NV_transform_feedback2 GL_NV_vertex_array_range GL_NV_vertex_array_range2 GL_NV_vertex_buffer_unified_memory GL_NV_vertex_program GL_NV_vertex_program1_1 GL_NV_vertex_program2 GL_NV_vertex_program2_option GL_NV_vertex_program3 GL_NV_video_capture GL_NVX_conditional_render GL_SGIS_generate_mipmap GL_SGIS_texture_lod GL_SGIX_depth_texture GL_SGIX_shadow GL_SUN_slice_accum GL_WIN_swap_hint WGL_EXT_swap_control "

Supported Formats:
              Format  Texture RenderBuffer
                  L8  Yes       Yes
                 L16  Yes       Yes
                L16F  Yes       Yes
                L32F  Yes       Yes
                  A8  Yes       Yes
                 A16  Yes       Yes
                A16F  Yes       Yes
                A32F  Yes       Yes
                 LA4  Yes       Yes
                 LA8  Yes       Yes
                LA16  Yes       Yes
               LA16F  Yes       Yes
               LA32F  Yes       Yes
                RGB5  Yes       Yes
              RGB5A1  Yes       Yes
                RGB8  Yes       Yes
               RGB10  Yes       Yes
             RGB10A2  Yes       Yes
               RGB16  Yes       Yes
              RGB16F  Yes       Yes
              RGB32F  Yes       Yes
               RGBA8  Yes       Yes
              RGBA16  Yes       Yes
              RGB16F  Yes       Yes
             RGBA32F  Yes       Yes
            RGBA32UI  Yes       Yes
            RGB_DXT1  Yes       No 
            RGB_DXT1  Yes       No 
            RGB_DXT1  Yes       No 
            RGB_DXT1  Yes       No 
            RGB_DXT1  Yes       No 
            RGB_DXT1  Yes       No 
            RGB_DXT1  Yes       No 
            RGB_DXT1  Yes       No 
            RGB_DXT1  Yes       No 
            RGB_DXT1  Yes       No 
       YUV420_PLANAR  No        No 
              YUV422  No        No 
              YUV444  No        No 
            RGB_DXT1  Yes       No 
           RGBA_DXT1  Yes       No 
           RGBA_DXT3  Yes       No 
           RGBA_DXT5  Yes       No 
             DEPTH16  Yes       Yes
             DEPTH24  Yes       Yes
             DEPTH32  Yes       Yes
            DEPTH32F  Yes       Yes
            STENCIL1  No        Yes
            STENCIL4  No        Yes
            STENCIL8  No        Yes
           STENCIL16  No        Yes
    DEPTH24_STENCIL8  No        Yes

Capability    Minimum   Desired   Received  Ok?
-------------------------------------------------
* RENDER DEVICE 
Depth         16 bits   24 bits   24 bits   ok
Stencil        8 bits    8 bits    8 bits   ok
Alpha                              0 bits   ok
Red                                8 bits   ok
Green                              8 bits   ok
Blue                               8 bits   ok
FSAA                       0     0    ok
Width                  960 pixels           ok
Height                 600 pixels           ok
Mode                   Windowed             ok

Done initializing RenderDevice.
Network StartupStarting WinSock networking.
Network:
  Status: WinSock 2.0
  Loaded winsock specification version 1568901 (2 is the highest available)
  514 sockets available
  Largest UDP datagram packet size is 0 bytes

System { 

    App { 

        Name =

        "k:\\documents\\dev\\g3d\\g3d\\build\\win-i386-vc9.0\\bin\\gfxmeter\\gfxmeter.exe"

        cwd =

        "k:\\documents\\dev\\g3d\\g3d\\build\\win-i386-vc9.0\\bin\\gfxmeter"

    } 

    

    OS { 

        Name = "Windows 6.0 build 6000 Platform 2 "

    } 

    

    CPU { 

        Vendor = "GenuineIntel"

        Architecture = "4 x 32-bit Intel processor"

        hasCPUID = Yes 

        hasMMX = Yes 

        hasSSE = Yes 

        hasSSE2 = Yes 

        hasSSE3 = Yes 

        has3DNow = No 

        hasRDTSC = Yes 

        numCores = 4 

    } 

    

    G3D { 

        Link version = 80002 

        Compile version = "G3D 8.00 beta 2"

    } 

    

    GPU { 

        Chipset = "Quadro FX 5800/PCI/SSE2"

        Vendor = "NVIDIA Corporation"

        Driver = "8.16.11.9100"

        OpenGL version = "3.2.0"

        Textures = 32 

        Texture coordinates = 8 

        Texture units = 4 

        GL_MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE = 8192 

        GL_MAX_COLOR_ATTACHMENTS_EXT = 8 

    } 

    

    Window { 

        API = "Win32"

        Version = "1.1"

        

        In focus = Yes 

        Centered = Yes 

        Framed = Yes 

        Visible = Yes 

        Resizable = No 

        Full screen = No 

        Top = 286 

        Left = 317 

        Width = 960 

        Height = 600 

        Refresh rate = 85 

        

        Alpha bits = 0 

        Red bits = 8 

        Green bits = 8 

        Blue bits = 8 

        Depth bits = 24 

        Stencil bits = 8 

        Asynchronous = Yes 

        Stereo = No 

        FSAA samples = 0 

    } 

    

    Network { 
        { 

...
        } 
    } 
    } 



WARNING: Could not find 'console-small.fnt' so '../../../../data-files/font/console-small.fnt' was substituted.
PERF WARNING: Using Film class for tonemapping from GApp
Shaders:
   Combiners: NV rc2, NV ts3
   Assembly:  ARB fp1, ARB vp1, NV fp40, NV vp3
   GLSL:      1.00



Detailed Performance Tests

   * Vertex Rate
    345960 tris, 2 lights, 1 texture, and 4 attributes

                             Low Coherence [ High Coherence ]
    Method                           FPS   [  FPS  |Mverts/sec]
   ------------------------------------------------+---------
    glBegin/glEndFPS:                 19.7 [  18.8 |  19.6 ]
    glDrawElements:                  276.3 [  99.4 | 103.1 ]
        + VBO                         87.4 [ 267.6 | 277.7 ]
        + uint16 index                83.9 [ 254.0 | 263.6 ]
        + gl interleaved             218.3 [ 550.6 | 571.5 ]
        + manual interleaved         220.6 [ 551.3 | 572.2 ]
        without shading              330.2 [ 848.7 | 880.8 ]
    glDrawArrays Peak:                     [ 507.2 | 526.4 ]




Bugs:
_____________________________________________________

    ###    Files Used    ###

gears.jpg
../../../../data-files/font/console-small.fnt
bunny.ifs
intel.jpg
pknight.md2
tiny.jpg
ogro.pcx
g3d.ico
./carbon.fnt
ogro.md2
pknight.pcx
./arial.fnt
nvidia.jpg

Network CleanupNetwork cleaned up.Shutting down RenderDevice.
Restoring gamma.
Freeing all VertexRange memory
Deleting window.
}}}

{{{
Microsoft (R) Profile Guided Optimization Manager 9.00.21022.08
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

PGD File: build\win-i386-vc9.0\bin\viewer\viewer.pgd  11/04/2009 15:12:41
Module Count: 1  Function Count: 5889  Arc Count: 23275  Value Count: 567

Static instructions: 206304  Basic blocks: 33893  Average BB size: 6.1
Dynamic instructions: 19895643272

                                     entry  static       dynamic     %     run
Function Name                        count   instr         instr  total   total
G3D::AABox::culledBy              10971553     151    4418988200   22.2   22.2
G3D::_BSPMAP::Map::getVisibleFaces
                                      9184     157    2364256350   11.9   34.1
G3D::Plane::halfSpaceContainsFinite
                                  95221339      26    2307412029   11.6   45.7
G3D::_BSPMAP::Mesh::render        20454417      47     961357599    4.8   50.5
G3D::_BSPMAP::Map::renderFaces       18368     148     767559422    3.9   54.4
G3D::_BSPMAP::Mesh::updateSortKey
                                  21387234      31     663004254    3.3   57.7
G3D::_BSPMAP::Map::isClusterVisible
                                  38122784      21     661553172    3.3   61.0
G3D::GFont::computePackedArray      210838     248     545834180    2.7   63.8
G3D::Array<G3D::_BSPMAP::FaceSet *,10,32>::append
                                  22241288      40     400343202    2.0   65.8
G3D::Vector4::operator*             985559      36     346916768    1.7   67.5
G3D::_BSPMAP::BitSet::isOn        38340462       9     345064158    1.7   69.3
G3D::computeStats                      124     245     312732836    1.6   70.8
G3D::Array<G3D::Plane,10,32>::operator[]
                                  95221339       3     285664017    1.4   72.3
G3D::Array<G3D::_BSPMAP::Vertex,10,32>::operator[]
                                  82989098       3     248967294    1.3   73.5
G3D::Spline<G3D::UprightFrame>::evaluate
                                    985559     210     203025158    1.0   74.6
G3D::Array<G3D::_BSPMAP::BSPLeaf,10,32>::operator[]
                                  38165176       5     190825880    1.0   75.5
G3D::_BSPMAP::BitSet::set         22241392       8     177931136    0.9   76.4
G3D::Array<int,10,32>::operator[]
                                  58843141       3     176529423    0.9   77.3
G3D::Color3::max                   6731416      23     154822568    0.8   78.1
G3D::Color3::min                   6731416      23     154822568    0.8   78.8
G3D::Matrix3::operator*             523071      38     137044602    0.7   79.5
G3D::Spline<G3D::UprightFrame>::getControl
                                   3942236     287     135280300    0.7   80.2
G3D::Array<G3D::Vector2,10,32>::operator[]
                                  42116714       3     126350142    0.6   80.9
G3D::Rect2D::corner                9189688      47     119465944    0.6   81.5
G3D::ReferenceCountedPointer<G3D::Texture>::isNull
                                  29220997       6     116918833    0.6   82.0
G3D::Color3::Color3                6731416      16     107702656    0.5   82.6
G3D::Array<G3D::ReferenceCountedPointer<G3D::Texture>,10,32>::operator[]
                                  35067041       3     105201123    0.5   83.1
G3D::UprightFrame::unwrapYaw        985559      70      96728395    0.5   83.6
G3D::Array<G3D::_BSPMAP::FaceSet *,10,32>::resize
                                     18380      94      89720265    0.5   84.0
}}}

[[By completing this survey, you will be entered into a prize draw to win a luxury skiing holiday for two in the French Alps, worth £2,000. You will also provide valuable feedback to help other people choose their graduate jobs|http://www.2iresearch.com/gradjobs/referral.php?id=45]].

We'll be meeting on Fridays for two hours between 16:00 and 18:00 in MPEB 1.21. Our main emphasis in those sessions will be to get you through the [[exercises and coursework|http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/j.kautz/teaching/3080/Exercises/index.html]] but it is also a chance for you to ask about other aspects of the course. We welcome your questions and if you want to write an email ahead of time to be sure that we've thought through our answers, that is fine too.
 
Min Kim has some good notes on the course from a previous year [[here|http://web4.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/M.Kim/teaching/gmv.html]]. Please note that the course has changed since these notes were written and also note that any questions should be directed to myself and Insu, and not to Min.

I am accumulating a fair bit of information relevant to the course. [[Click to open all GV10 posts|http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/Andrew.Cox/#%5B%5BGraphics GV10%5D%5D  %5B%5BGraphics GV10 coursework%5D%5D %5B%5BGraphics GV10 Coursework 1 - ray tracer in Java%5D%5D %5B%5BGraphics GV10 coursework - Annoying need to click window before hitting ESC to exit%5D%5D %5B%5BGraphics GV10 Coursework 1 - Self-intersection%5D%5D %5B%5BGraphics GV10 Labs%5D%5D %5B%5BGraphics GV10 OpenGL%5D%5D %5B%5BGraphics GV10 Modern OpenGL%5D%5D %5B%5BGraphics GV10 Links%5D%5D %5B%5BGraphics GV10 Tutorial 3%5D%5D %5B%5BGraphics GV10 Tutorial 4%5D%5D]].

Generating shadows involves tracing rays between lights and surfaces. Similarly, reflection rays also originate on surfaces.  In these cases we have to make sure that the object at the ray origin isn't counted as being intersected by it. Ignoring this issue leads to black speckles (object shadows itself) and bright ones (reflection bounced from surface that was just exited). A few approaches to avoiding this problem are possible, including the following: 
* Screen that one object out of the list of objects to intersect.
** (-) harder to do in a real system with many object types and some form of hierarchy in the scene.
* Require intersections to be beyond some minimum t value.

The description of the coursework can be found [[here|http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/j.kautz/teaching/3080/Exercises/lab4/coursework1.html]]. The example solution to Lab 2 and suggested code framework for starting the coursework that is given on that page will not build on a case-sensitive system such as Linux, so I've placed a version of it with corrected file names [[here|teaching/09/gv10/cw1.starting_code.correct_caps.zip]].
!!!! Colour to use for reflections
{{{Material.Specular}}} can be used as the reflective colour to modulate intensities returned from reflected rays.

!!! Tutorial 2
The description of this lab is [[here|http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/j.kautz/teaching/3080/Exercises/lab2/lab2.html]]. There are many possible local lighting models, but go with the one described in the [[course|http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/j.kautz/teaching/3080/Slides/local_illumination.pdf]] and on [[Min's page|http://web4.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/M.Kim/teaching/gmv.html]] (see equation below reproduced from Min's FAQ).

[img[http://web4.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/M.Kim/teaching/gmv/eq_local_illuminantion.png]]

The code provided is very simple to build and run on a machine with a Java development environment setup. In the following two subsections you can find instructions for building via the command line and via Netbeans on the machines in room 1.21.

!!!! Building on the Command Line
* Check where your java JDK is installed. I found one here on a lab machine: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_02\
* Add your Java JDK tools to your path. For my lab machine, the command was as follows, but adjust according to the path you found in the last step: set PATH=%PATH%;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_02\bin\
* Tell Java to look for classes to load in the current directory: set CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;.
* Unzip the code from here: http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/j.kautz/teaching/3080/Exercises/lab2/lab2.zip
* Place the lab2 folder somewhere sensible in your documents.
* cd into "...\lab2\Question".
* Compile the java code: javac *.java
* Run the app that you just built: java ~SimpleRay simplescene.dat

!!!! Building in Netbeans
* Start Netbeans from the start menu.
* Create new project.
** In the wizard that appears, make the project "General" and "Java Application".
** Hit Next.
** Give the project a sensible name and location in your documents.
** Deselect "Create Main Class"
** Hit next/finish.
* Unzip the code from [[here|http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/j.kautz/teaching/3080/Exercises/lab2/lab2.zip]]
* Place the unzipped java code from "...\lab2\Question" in the src folder that ~NetBeans has created inside the project folder.
* Switch back to Netbeans and the java code should have appeared in the project window under "Source Packages" and in the Files tab.
* Right click the project in the Projects tab and select "Build Project". It should build with one deprecation warning.
* Place the file "simplescene.dat" from "lab2/Question" in the project folder (the folder one level up from the netbeans "src" folder).
* Right click the project in the Projects tab and select "properties".
** Select the "Run" category and enter the string "simplescene.dat" in the "Arguments" text field.
** Click OK.
* Right click the project again and select "Run Project".

The program should run and show the rendered scene.

!!! Tutorial 3
[[Graphics GV10 Tutorial 3]]

!!! Tutorial 4
[[Graphics GV10 Tutorial 4]]

!!Links
* [[G3D|http://g3d-cpp.sourceforge.net/]] Is a realtime graphics toolkit, operating at a lower level than most engines such as Ogre or scene graphs such as OSG or the other OSG. It offers seemless access to the underlying ~OpenGL implementation (see [[this example|http://g3d-cpp.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/g3d-cpp/G3D/demos/rawOpenGL/main.cpp?view=markup]] using ~G3D much as you might employ GLUT).

If you are interested in going beyond the traditional fixed-function ~OpenGL taught in this course and getting to grips with shaders and other more recent features, a good place to start is by learning ~OpenGL ES 2.x. The slimming-down of the original specification to create a profile for new platforms that are free of legacy issues such as mobile phones and consoles like the Playstation 3 produced a library that resembles very much the "pure" future incarnation of ~OpenGL that had been envisioned by 3D Labs during their time as caretakers of GL after it had left the hands of SGI. There are several GLES implementations that run on ~PCs, such as [[this|http://www.malideveloper.com/tools/software-development/opengl-es-20-emulator.php]] one from [[ARM|http://www.malideveloper.com/index.php]], the embedded graphics market leader, [[this|http://www.imgtec.com/powervr/insider/sdk/KhronosOpenGLES2xSGX.asp]] one from ~PowerVR and [[this|http://developer.amd.com/GPU/OpenGL/Pages/default.aspx]] from ATI/AMD. The specifications are maintained by [[Khronos|http://www.khronos.org/opengles/2_X/]]. Since GLES is ~OpenGL minus the cruft, a good rule of thumb for deciding whether an ~OpenGL feature from the 1.x versions is worth learning is to see whether it exists in the GLES spec and if not, don't bother. Examples of this include Feedback mode, evaluators, and the 1.4 imaging features. You'll also see that there is no Begin/End paradigm in GLES. We pretty much force you to learn that to do the coursework because it is handy for didactic purposes but try not to get too used to it if you can.

During the lab sessions we will be working with ~OpenGL. This API has evolved greatly over the years and the most up-to-date information on it will not necessarily be the most relevant to the subset that we are teaching on this course. A great resource for learning is the [[OpenGL Red Book|http://www.opengl.org/documentation/red_book/]] which is [[available online|http://www.glprogramming.com/red/]] in the most useful edition for our purposes. The specification is often the place to go for the answers to questions (See version 1.1 as [[PDF|GLspec1.1.pdf]] and [[PS|http://www.opengl.org/documentation/specs/version1.1/GLspec1.1.ps]]). [[This diagram|http://www.opengl.org/documentation/specs/version1.1/state.pdf]] may prove helpful in visualising how the parts of the system interact. The main GPU manufacturers have ~SDKs that might be helpful in that they provide a code base that you can adapt if you have chosen a final project that stresses real-time graphics, but their examples will probably be a distraction from the essentials required for this course. You can find them [[here|http://developer.download.nvidia.com/SDK/10/opengl/samples.html]] and [[here|http://developer.amd.com/gpu/radeon/Pages/default.aspx]].

The slides for the recap on ~OpenGL matrices that was presented in the lab are [[here|http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/Andrew.Cox/teaching/09/gv10/week56_tut3.ppt]] (ppt) and  [[here|http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/Andrew.Cox/teaching/09/gv10/Week 5-6 Tutorial 3.pdf]] (pdf).
!drawBox breakdown
Some students without C/C++ experience found lines like {{{glVertex3fv(&v[faces[i][0]][0]);}}} a little dense to follow. I've broken the drawBox function down below so the indirections are hopefully easier to trace through.
<code cpp>
void
submitFaceGeometry(int face)
{
  int corner;

  for (corner = 0; corner < 4; corner++) {
    GLint vertex_index = faces[face][corner];
    // Take the address of the x component of the vertex position:
    GLfloat* vertex_position = &v[vertex_index][0];
    // Pass the address of the the vertex position to GL (the y and z
    // components follow the x component in consecutive memory words):
    glVertex3fv(vertex_position);
  }
}

void
drawBox(void)
{
  int face;

  for (face = 0; face < 6; face++) {
    glBegin(GL_QUADS);
    glNormal3fv(&n[face][0]);
    submitFaceGeometry(face);
    glEnd();
  }
}
</code>

The full source for the modified program is [[here|teaching/09/gv10/cube_dbb.c]].

! Corrected cube.c
Some of you had some lighting problems once you started rotating your cubes. It turned out that two of the face normals were pointing in the wrong directions (into the cube instead of out into the world). Here is a corrected version.
<code cpp>
/* Copyright (c) Mark J. Kilgard, 1997. */

/* This program is freely distributable without licensing fees 
   and is provided without guarantee or warrantee expressed or 
   implied. This program is -not- in the public domain. */

/* This program was requested by Patrick Earl; hopefully someone else
   will write the equivalent Direct3D immediate mode program. */

#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
GLfloat light_diffuse[] = {1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0};  /* Red diffuse light. */
GLfloat light_position[] = {1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0};  /* Infinite light location. */
//GLfloat n[6][3] = {  /* Normals for the 6 faces of a cube. */
//  {-1.0, 0.0, 0.0}, {0.0, 1.0, 0.0}, {1.0, 0.0, 0.0},
//  {0.0, -1.0, 0.0}, {0.0, 0.0, 1.0}, {0.0, 0.0, -1.0} };
GLfloat n[6][3] = {  /* Normals for the 6 faces of a cube. */
  {-1.0, 0.0, 0.0}, {0.0, 1.0, 0.0}, {1.0, 0.0, 0.0},
  {0.0, -1.0, 0.0}, {0.0, 0.0, -1.0}, {0.0, 0.0, 1.0} };
GLint faces[6][4] = {  /* Vertex indices for the 6 faces of a cube. */
  {0, 1, 2, 3}, {3, 2, 6, 7}, {7, 6, 5, 4},
  {4, 5, 1, 0}, {5, 6, 2, 1}, {7, 4, 0, 3} };
GLfloat v[8][3];  /* Will be filled in with X,Y,Z vertexes. */

void
drawBox(void)
{
  int i;

  for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
    glBegin(GL_QUADS);
    glNormal3fv(&n[i][0]);
    glVertex3fv(&v[faces[i][0]][0]);
    glVertex3fv(&v[faces[i][1]][0]);
    glVertex3fv(&v[faces[i][2]][0]);
    glVertex3fv(&v[faces[i][3]][0]);
    glEnd();
  }
}

static float g_rotate_x = 0.0f;
static float g_rotate_y = 0.0f;

void keyboard(unsigned char key, int x, int y)
{
   switch(key){
      case 'q':
         g_rotate_x += 360.0f / 60.0f;
         break;
      case 'a':
         g_rotate_x -= 360.0f / 60.0f;
         break;
      case 's':
         g_rotate_y += 360.0f / 60.0f;
         break;
      case 'd':
         g_rotate_y -= 360.0f / 60.0f;
         break;
      case 27:
         exit(0);
   };
   glutPostRedisplay();
   printf("key == %d, rotate == %f\n", (unsigned)key, g_rotate_x);
}

void
display(void)
{
/*From OpenGL specification 1.3, section 2.13:
  The current model-view matrix is applied to the position parameter indicated
  with Light for a particular light source when that position is specified.
  These transformed values are the values used in the lighting equation.
 */
  glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
  glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
  // Start with a fresh matrix every frame:
  glLoadIdentity();
  // Set Light position in viewspace so it is not affected by object
  // transformations:
  glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, light_position);
  gluLookAt(0.0, 0.0, 5.0,  /* eye is at (0,0,5) */
    0.0, 0.0, 0.0,      /* center is at (0,0,0) */
    0.0, 1.0, 0.);      /* up is in positive Y direction */

  /* Adjust cube position to be asthetic angle. */
  glTranslatef(0.0, 0.0, -1.0);
  glRotatef(g_rotate_y, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
  glRotatef(g_rotate_x, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
  glRotatef(60, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
  glRotatef(-20, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
  // Set Light position in objectspace so it follows the object transformations:
  //glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, light_position);
  drawBox();
  glutSwapBuffers();
}

void
init(void)
{
  /* Setup cube vertex data. */
  v[0][0] = v[1][0] = v[2][0] = v[3][0] = -1;
  v[4][0] = v[5][0] = v[6][0] = v[7][0] = 1;
  v[0][1] = v[1][1] = v[4][1] = v[5][1] = -1;
  v[2][1] = v[3][1] = v[6][1] = v[7][1] = 1;
  v[0][2] = v[3][2] = v[4][2] = v[7][2] = 1;
  v[1][2] = v[2][2] = v[5][2] = v[6][2] = -1;

  /* Enable a single OpenGL light. */
  glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, light_diffuse);
  glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, light_position);
  glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);
  glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);

  /* Use depth buffering for hidden surface elimination. */
  glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

  /* Setup the view of the cube. */
  glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
  gluPerspective( /* field of view in degree */ 40.0,
    /* aspect ratio */ 1.0,
    /* Z near */ 1.0, /* Z far */ 10.0);
}

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  glutInit(&argc, argv);
  glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH);
  glutCreateWindow("red 3D lit cube");
  glutDisplayFunc(display);
  glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard);
  init();
  glutMainLoop();
  return 0;             /* ANSI C requires main to return int. */
}
</code>

The task described [[here|http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/j.kautz/teaching/3080/Exercises/index.html]] is to sweep a 2d line around a circle that is perpendicular to it in order to define a surface in 3d. The point of all this is to get you familiar with a common form of [[boundary representation|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_representation]].

! Example solution
A solution is available [[here|teaching/09/gv10/tut4_brep.release.zip]]. It divides the problem into the following two parts:
# Generate a boundary representation in [[this|http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/j.kautz/teaching/3080/Exercises/lab5/cw_spec.txt]] format.
# Load and display models in the format linked to above.
It implements each part as a separate program, with only the viewer knowing anything about ~OpenGL.
!! Building the example
Under linux or, presumably, cygwin running on Windows, the bash script {{{build_generator.sh}}} will build the brep generator program. Similarly, {{{build_viewer.sh}}} will build the brep loader and viewer program.
!! Running the example programs
[>img[teaching/09/gv10/simple_12_4.png]]
!!! Generator
This writes its results to standard output so that must be captured to a file. Using bash (linux, cygwin, ...) that is done as follows:
{{{
./gen_rep_d > a_filename.dat
}}}
The generator will by default, produce the simple shape that we talked about in the lab and a rendering of which is illustrated to the right.
!!! Viewer
The viewer reads a text description of a boundary rep object in the [[specified format|http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/j.kautz/teaching/3080/Exercises/lab5/cw_spec.txt]] from standard input and draws it in wireframe using ~OpenGL. It is therefore necessary to feed it a file of interest. This is done in bash as follows:
{{{
cat a_filename.dat | ./brep_view_d
}}}
[>img[teaching/09/gv10/glass_12_2.png]]
It can also show the example files if the viewing parameters are manually tweaked (modify the code) so that the camera takes them in at their various scales. For example, change {{{if(true)}}} to {{{if(false)}}} on line 111 and vice versa on line 115 of {{{brep_view.cpp}}} to be able to view [[glass.dat|http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/j.kautz/teaching/3080/Exercises/lab5/data/glass.dat]].

!! Math of generating points on the surface from point in the outline
<html><!-->[>img[teaching/09/gv10/glass_12_1.png]]<--></html>
Several of you were ignoring the definition of the maths for this rotation from the problem statement and going ahead to construct 3x3 rotation matrices and whatnot. Sorry to the one person I saw doing this that I forgot to correct because of another puzzle in your code. Anyway, as you see from the example code below, {{{x' = x * cos(angle);}}}, {{{y' = x * sin(angle);}}}, and {{{z' = z;}}}.
<code c++>
/// Generate one single segment of the object's surface points.
void rotate_insert_outline(
   /// Incoming definition of outline as 2d line strip.
   const vector<vec2>& outline,
   /// Outgoing definition of surface positions.
   vector<vec3> & positions,
   /// Angle about z-axis at which the points of this segment will be generated.
   const double angle,
   /// The location in the positions vector at which the first point of this segment should be placed.
   const unsigned first_position)
{
   const unsigned num_outline_points = outline.size();
   for(unsigned ioutline_point = 0; ioutline_point < num_outline_points;
         ++ioutline_point)
   {
      vec2 outline_point = outline[ioutline_point];
      vec3 point;
      point.v_[0] = float(outline_point[0] * cos(angle));
      point.v_[1] = float(outline_point[0] * sin(angle));
      point.v_[2] = outline_point[1];
      positions[first_position + ioutline_point] = point;
   }
}
</code>

!! Generating quad corner indexes
The indexes can be generated entirely separately from the geometry (positions), purely by careful counting,
<code c++>
void gen_seg_indices(
   const unsigned num_outline_points,
   const unsigned point_base1, const unsigned point_base2,
   vector<unsigned>& indices, const unsigned index_base)
{
   for(unsigned ioutline_point = 0; ioutline_point < num_outline_points - 1u;
         ++ioutline_point)
   {
      const unsigned quad_base = index_base + ioutline_point * 4u;·
      indices[quad_base + 0] = point_base1 + ioutline_point;
      indices[quad_base + 1] = point_base2 + ioutline_point;
      indices[quad_base + 2] = point_base2 + ioutline_point + 1;
      indices[quad_base + 3] = point_base1 + ioutline_point + 1;
   }
}
</code>

!! Top level sweep function
<code c++>
/// Given a list of points, rotate them around the z-axis and tie them together
/// into indexed quads.
/// ! Note that vec2.y is treated as a z coordinate in 3D.
IndexedQuadSet sweep_outline(
   const vector<vec2>& outline,
   const unsigned num_segments)
{
   IndexedQuadSet quadset;
   quadset.positions_.resize(num_segments * outline.size());
   quadset.indices_.resize((num_segments) * (outline.size()-1u) * 4u);

   // Store rotated positions:
   for(unsigned segment = 0; segment < num_segments; ++segment)
   {
      // For each point in the outline, rotate it around the z axis:
      double angle = PI2 * segment / num_segments;
      const unsigned insertion_point = segment * outline.size();
      rotate_insert_outline(outline, quadset.positions_, angle,insertion_point);

   }

   // Tie positions together with quad indexes:
   for(unsigned segment = 0; segment < num_segments; ++segment)
   {
      const unsigned first_seg = segment;
      const unsigned second_seg = (segment + 1) % num_segments;
      const unsigned point_base1 = first_seg * outline.size();
      const unsigned point_base2 = second_seg * outline.size();
      const unsigned index_base = segment * (outline.size() - 1u) * 4u;
      gen_seg_indices(outline.size(), point_base1, point_base2,
            quadset.indices_, index_base);
   }

   return quadset;
}
</code>

The lab exercises and coursework descriptions can be found [[here|http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/j.kautz/teaching/3080/Exercises/index.html]].

Add the following single line in the context given below to get an ~RSI-friendly ~ESC-to-exit feature. 
<code java>
    public static void main (String args[]) {
      // ...
      tmp.addKeyListener(tmp);
      tmp.requestFocusInWindow(); // <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< ADD THIS LINE
</code>

[[Welcome]]
[[CV]]
!!!Teaching
[[Graphics GV10]]
[[Architecture 1001]]

~OpenMP has a [[directive|http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/2etkydkz.aspx]] to support reductions in parallel loops. If each thread that did some of the work has produced it's own idea of the final result, this mechanism takes those partial results, and applies the reduction operation to them to produce the final, final result around the time of the thread join. Without this help from the system, the simple approach to reductions would have shared variables and synchronisation inside the per-thread sub-loops (see [[here|http://www.openmp.org/pipermail/omp/2005/000254.html]]).

Unfortunately, the min and max operations of the FORTRAN version have been left out of C/C++ ~OpenMP. I say unfortunately because finding the min and max of an array of elements is a very useful operation. For example, they are a necessary prerequisite for normalisation of the array elements. Below is my naive attempt at implementing a min reduction in ~OpenMP, using a purely private variable, lock-free inner loop.

First up after some preliminaries, a single-threaded implementation to compare against:
{{{
#include <float.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#ifndef NUMTHREAD
#define NUMTHREAD 2
#endif

float singlethread_min_of_array(const float * const in_img, const unsigned int ilength)
{
     unsigned i = 0;
     float min, temp;
     // initialize
     min = FLT_MAX;

     for (i = 0; i < ilength; i++){
        temp = in_img[i];
        if (temp<min) min = temp;
     }

     return min;
}

}}}


The parallel version which follows is much longer. 
 
{{{
float manual_min_of_array(const float * const in_img, const unsigned int ilength)
{
     unsigned i = 0;
     float min, private_min, temp;

     // initialize
     min = FLT_MAX;
     private_min = FLT_MAX;

     // find out max and min
     unsigned isublength = 0;
     unsigned spare_elements = ilength % NUMTHREAD;
     unsigned assigned_elements = 0;
     unsigned first_element = 0;


     #pragma omp parallel num_threads(NUMTHREAD) private(i, temp, first_element, isublength, private_min)
     {
          // Grab some of the input array to work on, protecting thread-shared
          // state by synchronisation:
          #pragma omg critical
          {
               first_element = assigned_elements;
               isublength = ilength / NUMTHREAD;
               if(assigned_elements == 0)
               {
                    assigned_elements += spare_elements;
                    isublength += spare_elements;
               }
               assigned_elements += isublength;

          }

          // Do most work in a thread-private way with no syncronisation:
          for (i = 0; i < isublength; i++){
             temp = in_img[first_element + i];
             if (temp<private_min) private_min = temp;
          }

          // Update the shared min inside a critical section:
          #pragma omg critical
          if(private_min < min) { min = private_min; }
     }

     return min;
}

}}}

Note that the only part doing the work is the following. The rest is setup, work assignment, and fixup. It seems from looking at this that having the support for min and max reductions would be worthwhile.

{{{
       // Do most work in a thread-private way with no syncronisation:
          for (i = 0; i < isublength; i++){
             temp = in_img[first_element + i];
             if (temp<private_min) private_min = temp;
          }

}}}

A driver function was used to verify (to some small extent) the parallel implementation against the reference one. Yes, this should be expanded for greater confidence.

{{{
int main (int argc, const char*const*const argv)
{
     // min is 0.5f:
     const float a_test[] = {1.f, 2.f, 4.f, 55.f, 12.f, 0.5f, 57.f };
     const unsigned ilen = sizeof(a_test) / sizeof(float);
     const float min_ref = singlethread_min_of_array(a_test, ilen);
     const float manual_min = manual_min_of_array(a_test, ilen);
     if(min_ref != manual_min)
     {
          fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Wrong result!\n");
          return -1;
     }
     fprintf(stderr, "SUCCESS: Correct result!\n");

     return 0;
}
}}}

If the above fragments are pasted into a file called openmp.cpp, they can be built for gcc 4.3.2 like this:
{{{
g++ -fopenmp -O3 -march=pentium3 -ffast-math openmp.cpp -o openmp_test
}}}
Or, just grab these files: [[openmp.cpp|openmp.cpp]] and [[build_openmp.sh|build_openmp.sh]].

Any feedback on a better way to achieve this would be most welcome. Compiler support for min, max, and user-defined reductions (in the style of lambda functions perhaps) even more so.

Andrew Cox

These videos show slicemap voxelisation that is purely surface-based. There is no filling-in of the interiors of objects.
<html><object width="100%" height="720"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/BzeNA3eyRWI&hl=en&fs=1&hd=1"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/BzeNA3eyRWI&hl=en&fs=1&hd=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="100%" height="720"></embed></object></html>

<html><object width="100%" height="720"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/cuBPmMCT9Lk&hl=en&fs=1&hd=1"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/cuBPmMCT9Lk&hl=en&fs=1&hd=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="100%" height="720"></embed></object></html>

This video shows that sponza will not work for solid slicemap voxelisation. The hard-edged green areas highlight failures in the process.<html><object width="100%" height="720"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/nmbhT_L51fs&hl=en&fs=1&hd=1"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/nmbhT_L51fs&hl=en&fs=1&hd=1 type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="100%" height="720"></embed></object></html>

[[StyleSheetSyntaxHighlighter]]

/***
StyleSheet for ~SyntaxHighlighter
***/

/*{{{*/
.dp-highlighter
{
	font-family: "Consolas", "Courier New", Courier, mono, serif;
	font-size: 12px;
	background-color: #E7E5DC;
	width: 99%;
	overflow: auto;
	margin: 18px 0 18px 0 !important;
	padding-top: 1px; /* adds a little border on top when controls are hidden */
}

/* clear styles */
.dp-highlighter ol,
.dp-highlighter ol li,
.dp-highlighter ol li span 
{
	margin: 0;
	padding: 0;
	border: none;
}

.dp-highlighter a,
.dp-highlighter a:hover
{
	background: none;
	border: none;
	padding: 0;
	margin: 0;
}

.dp-highlighter .bar
{
	padding-left: 45px;
}

.dp-highlighter.collapsed .bar,
.dp-highlighter.nogutter .bar
{
	padding-left: 0px;
}

.dp-highlighter ol
{
	list-style: decimal; /* for ie */
	background-color: #fff;
	margin: 0px 0px 1px 45px !important; /* 1px bottom margin seems to fix occasional Firefox scrolling */
	padding: 0px;
	color: #5C5C5C;
}

.dp-highlighter.nogutter ol,
.dp-highlighter.nogutter ol li
{
	list-style: none !important;
	margin-left: 0px !important;
}

.dp-highlighter ol li,
.dp-highlighter .columns div
{
	list-style: decimal-leading-zero; /* better look for others, override cascade from OL */
	list-style-position: outside !important;
	border-left: 3px solid #6CE26C;
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	line-height: 14px;
}

.dp-highlighter.nogutter ol li,
.dp-highlighter.nogutter .columns div
{
	border: 0;
}

.dp-highlighter .columns
{
	background-color: #F8F8F8;
	color: gray;
	overflow: hidden;
	width: 100%;
}

.dp-highlighter .columns div
{
	padding-bottom: 5px;
}

.dp-highlighter ol li.alt
{
	background-color: #FFF;
	color: inherit;
}

.dp-highlighter ol li span
{
	color: black;
	background-color: inherit;
}

/* Adjust some properties when collapsed */

.dp-highlighter.collapsed ol
{
	margin: 0px;
}

.dp-highlighter.collapsed ol li
{
	display: none;
}

/* Additional modifications when in print-view */

.dp-highlighter.printing
{
	border: none;
}

.dp-highlighter.printing .tools
{
	display: none !important;
}

.dp-highlighter.printing li
{
	display: list-item !important;
}

/* Styles for the tools */

.dp-highlighter .tools
{
	padding: 3px 8px 3px 10px;
	font: 9px Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
	color: silver;
	background-color: #f8f8f8;
	padding-bottom: 10px;
	border-left: 3px solid #6CE26C;
}

.dp-highlighter.nogutter .tools
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.dp-highlighter .tools a
{
	font-size: 9px;
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	background-color: inherit;
	text-decoration: none;
	margin-right: 10px;
}

.dp-highlighter .tools a:hover
{
	color: red;
	background-color: inherit;
	text-decoration: underline;
}

/* About dialog styles */

.dp-about { background-color: #fff; color: #333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
.dp-about table { width: 100%; height: 100%; font-size: 11px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif !important; }
.dp-about td { padding: 10px; vertical-align: top; }
.dp-about .copy { border-bottom: 1px solid #ACA899; height: 95%; }
.dp-about .title { color: red; background-color: inherit; font-weight: bold; }
.dp-about .para { margin: 0 0 4px 0; }
.dp-about .footer { background-color: #ECEADB; color: #333; border-top: 1px solid #fff; text-align: right; }
.dp-about .close { font-size: 11px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif !important; background-color: #ECEADB; color: #333; width: 60px; height: 22px; }

/* Language specific styles */

.dp-highlighter .comment, .dp-highlighter .comments { color: #008200; background-color: inherit; }
.dp-highlighter .string { color: blue; background-color: inherit; }
.dp-highlighter .keyword { color: #069; font-weight: bold; background-color: inherit; }
.dp-highlighter .preprocessor { color: gray; background-color: inherit; }

/*}}}*/

<html><object width="100%" height="720"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/mF6t8ZwU0cE&hl=en&fs=1&hd=1"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/mF6t8ZwU0cE&hl=en&fs=1&hd=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="100%" height="720"></embed></object></html>

/***
!Metadata:
|''Name:''|SyntaxHighlighterPlugin|
|''Description:''|Code Syntax Highlighter Plugin for TiddlyWiki.|
|''Version:''|1.1.3|
|''Date:''|Oct 24, 2008|
|''Source:''|http://www.coolcode.cn/show-310-1.html|
|''Author:''|Ma Bingyao (andot (at) ujn (dot) edu (dot) cn)|
|''License:''|[[GNU Lesser General Public License|http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.txt]]|
|''~CoreVersion:''|2.4.1|
|''Browser:''|Firefox 1.5+; InternetExplorer 6.0; Safari; Opera; Chrome; etc.|

!Syntax:
{{{
<code options>
codes
</code>
}}}

!Examples:
{{{
<code java>
public class HelloWorld {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        System.out.println("HelloWorld!");
    }
}
</code>
}}}

!Revision History:
|''Version''|''Date''|''Note''|
|1.1.2|Oct 15, 2008|Optimize Highlight|
|1.0.0|Oct 13, 2008|Initial release|

!Code section:
***/
//{{{
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//}}}

I'm a researcher on the project Lighting for Next Generation Games. My supervisor is [[Jan Kautz|http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/J.Kautz/]]. My interests revolve around real time rendering, and the challenges of achieving indirect illumination provide my specific goals. In addition I am fascinated by how ~GPUs work internally and I care about how we go about programming them: about the abstractions that our ~APIs provide to us.

I am currently a TA for the courses [[Graphics (GV10/3080)|Graphics GV10]] and [[Computer Architecture (1001)|Architecture 1001]], and previously for Graphics 2011G.

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